Shadow fleets, teapot refineries, and $7.8 billion in crypto trading are keeping Iran’s oil revenue flowing despite US naval blockades
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byEditorial Team
Jul. 18, 2026
During a brief ceasefire window, Iran reportedly shipped oil to China, generating billions in revenue before enforcement resumed. The cyclical nature of blockades and truces has created a pattern Iran has learned to exploit.
The shadow fleet playbook
China accounts for roughly 90% of Iran’s oil exports. The primary buyers are independent Chinese refiners known as “teapot” refineries, smaller operations that snap up sanctioned crude at steep discounts.
The logistics rely on a shadow fleet of tankers that employ ship-to-ship transfers, essentially passing cargo between vessels in open water to obscure the oil’s origin, making tracking nearly impossible for sanctions enforcers.
Crypto as the new sanctions loophole
Crypto trading activity linked to Iranian entities reportedly hit $7.8 billion over the past year, enabling payments for everything from maritime passage fees to direct oil transactions.
The US has taken notice. Washington sanctioned crypto platforms Zedcex and Zedxion due to alleged links with Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. Nobitex, another platform flagged in connection with Iranian crypto activity, has also drawn scrutiny.
What this means for crypto markets and investors
The Strait of Hormuz carries roughly a fifth of global oil. Bitcoin and other digital assets have shown notable volatility in response to developments in the Strait, absorbing geopolitical shocks quickly.
If a nation under some of the world’s heaviest sanctions can generate $7.8 billion in crypto activity, it raises questions about the limits of enforcement. The sanctioning of Zedcex and Zedxion signals that US regulators view crypto-enabled sanctions evasion as a national security issue, not merely a financial crime concern.
Disclosure: This article was edited by Editorial Team. For more information on how we create and review content, see our Editorial Policy.
